The Mayans Lost Guide To Office For Mac
Relics of a past civilisation: A Mayan sculpture in Tulum, Mexico. Don’t get too depressed about the future, because it will all be over by May. So some people - including new Downton Abbey star Shirley MacLaine - believe, based on what the ancient Maya prophesied.
Actually, they didn’t. May 2012 is simply when the Maya stopped projecting their calendar into the future. There was no prediction of Armageddon. But never mind, since, presumably, talk of it has led to the reissue of this fascinating book. The Maya civilisation flourished from AD 250-900 in what is now Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador and Belize, where their descendants, eight million Maya Indians, still live today. While Britain languished in the Dark Ages, the Maya inhabited vast cities, with populations of up to 100,000, and constructed stone pyramids as high as 200 ft. They left behind stone carvings featuring strange hieroglyphics and had thousands of books of which only four survive.
Professor Coe writes about the 500-year struggle to interpret their symbols. It’s a thrilling story of academic rivalry, bigotry, chewing gum and - wait for it - penis perforation. Early civilisation: A Mayan temple at Xanantunich Cayo, Belize Perhaps the biggest mystery is why it took so long. In the 1820s, a young Frenchman, Jean-Francois Champollion, cracked the secret of Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics in just two years. He realised the symbols were mainly phonetic - that is, they represented speech sounds - and were a form of writing. He was fortunate to have the recently discovered the Rosetta Stone, featuring the same text in hieroglyphics and Greek, to help him. He also correctly presumed that sounds and syntax would be similar to Coptic, the modern language descended from that of the pharaohs.
Amazingly, in spite of Champollion’s example, almost nobody did this with the Maya glyphs. Diego de Landa, who was appointed Bishop of Yucatan, Mexico, in 1547, produced what he called an alphabet of Maya glyphs with their corresponding letters. This was the key to understanding the writing, but Landa’s mistake was to think of it as an alphabet, when what the symbols actually represented were not letters but syllables. The other unhelpful thing he did was to burn, out of religious zeal, all the Maya books, believing they contained devil worship. His work was lost until the 19th century, when his error was repeated and attempted hieroglyphic translations produced laughable results, discrediting any talk of phonetic interpretation. But interest in the Maya grew and expeditions produced more drawings and photographs of inscriptions.
In the Thirties, Maya studies became dominated by Eric Thompson, an upper-middle-class Englishman. He was a fine scholar who made important breakthroughs, especially about numbers and dates. But he held rigidly to the view that the hieroglyphs were pictorial and decorative and that the Maya had no writing system. Mayan art: A mask from Calakmul He put down opponents with such derision that few dared challenge this orthodoxy. Thompson imagined the Maya as an empire of peaceful people ruled by mystical priests, not unlike the Anglican Church.
This view persisted until 1952, when a 30-year-old Russian ethnologist, Yuri Valentinovich Knorosov, working alone, published out of the blue an article that would lead to the cracking of the Maya script. With his knowledge of Japanese, Chinese, and Champollion’s work, he deciphered a number of glyph syllables. He showed that Maya writing was typically hieroglyphic and could be read just as Ancient Egyptian could. Thompson replied with a vicious attack, fuelled by his virulent anti-communism. But the genie was out of the bottle, and over the past half century, especially since Thompson’s death in 1975, work by linguists has intensified, so that today most scripts can be read. With the interpretation has come new understanding of Maya civilisation. They had a sophisticated knowledge of mathematics and astronomy.
Far from being merely decorative, their carvings record their history in precise detail. This was no empire of peaceful priests, but a series of independent city states ruled by often warlike leaders, with a vast mythology of gods, to whom they paid tribute in blood rituals. These included the sacrifice of captives by torture and beheading, and the practice of the rulers, assisted by their wives, perforating their own penises with bloodletters fashioned from stingray spines. Thanks to dogged scholarly persistence, Maya carvings prove to be not merely decorative, but intricate historical records.
The Mayans Lost Guide To Office For Mac 2017
Through these once incomprehensible symbols, we now know the names and stories of these strange people, speaking to us at last, from a millennium ago.
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